Drop and die forging- and punching machine



Fzlyl.

J 1 j a y li@ TH E GRAPHIC C0.PH OTO -LITH.39 &.4 PARK PLAGE, N.Y.

i UNITED STATES; rAm'rENr onirica.

SOLOMON ANDREVVS, OF BERTI-I` AMBOY, NEVJERSEY.

. DROP AND DIE FoRG1NGANDrUNcH1NG MACHINE.

` "Speccation of Letters Patent No. 10,720, dated April 4, 1854.

To all whom, t `may concern:

Be it known that I, SOLOMON ANDREWS, of Perth Amboy, `county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Forging andPunching; and I do hereby` declare that the following isa full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being made to the annexed drawing, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure I is a front elevation. Fi II is1 a vertical section. Figs. III, IV,"-an V` arej of parts in detail and similar letters refer to` similar parts throughout.

This invention is principally designed for making whatare termed forged nuts `for screw bolts, &c., but it is also applicable to` the making of many other articles from hot metal where the forging and swaging prin-` cipleis advantageous.

My machine consists of an anvil, a drop or stamp, punch, follower or releaser, dies, discharger or trigger, safety stop, &c.

The anvil is a heavy block of metal pro-p-` erly supported upon a foundation as seen ati A. From the two sides `near the back strong posts B* are erected reaching to ai proper height well secured tothe anvil by keys and connected together at the top by a cap, which also rests upon and secures the upper ends of two guide rods (d, d) fitted into the anvil in front. vThese posts sustain the main shaft. The drop or stamp is a tall column of metal as seen at C, and stands midway between the two guide rods (d, cl) but in front of the posts B and has a clear space all around it. It is not necessary that; the guide rods (chil) be attached to the anvil for ifmore room is required around-g the stamp they may rest upon braces orx arms projecting from the posts B. Thei drop or stamp is kept in place and guidech in its movements by a lug or arm on two sides at or near its bottom end itted to the guide rods (d, d) and at top by passing through a hole in the cap To raise the stamp a` rack and pinion `motion is employed; the rack being seen at (b) and the pinion which plays loosely on the main shaft, at (a). The main shaft is seen at E, and when the machine is in Operation itis continually revolving,` and therefore to raise and let fall the stamp a clutch motion is employed; one halfof` this clutch is connected with the pinion (a) and revolves with it; the other half turnswith the main shaft but may slide along it upon a feather as at (af) Fig. III. To raise the stamp the clutch is thrown into gear which sets the pinion revolving and the stamp ascends accordingly. As soon as it reaches the proper height the clutch is disengaged, by an arrangement to be described, when the stamp falls. The rack (b) `is sunk in the side of the stamp so that the lift is near the central line of gravity of thesame, this is an important feature as undue pressure upon the guides is avoided as well as the tendencyto cant over, and less power is required. The engaging and dlsenga mg arrangements consist of a lever (Z) inged to the back part of the frame and taking hold ofthe groove in `(a) near its middle; the front being combined with a `feather spring (f) `to throw it into gear and with a wedge or trip-O F to throw it out of `gear which works in combination with the stamp C. The trip oif has to `be done in a peculiar manner in order fully to lclear the teeth of the clutch from each other. In theascent of the stamp as soon as it strikes the wedge QF, thatbegins to cause the half (a) of the clutchto move away, this goes on until the extreme ends `of the teeth Vjust clear and at the same moment the stamp falls. The clearance however has not been so complete but that the edges still clash against each other and they would soon become rounded off and their action rendered uncertain. To prevent this, a link connects the top of the -wedge F with the top end of the feather `spring (f) which link as one end of it rises with the wedge throws off the spring from the clutch lever and at the' salne time presses `back the lever and clutch farther from the pinion; at (e) is a pin or small block inserted into one of thelugs of the` stamp to act against the wedge F when the stamp has been carried up to the proper height and by using a shorter or longer pin the length of the blow is regulated or determined. In ascending, as soon as this pin touches the point (i) on the inclined plane the clutchv is just at the point of disengaging itself, and

the end of the lever (12') is suddenly thrown. o, by the spring acting on the wedge con-- verted into a lever of therst order,'so far as fully to clear the teeth of the clutch from veach:other and the stamp falls without their interfering. Y

Y, I now returnftofa further of the stampl C. A.In Fig .,-II\ the center 'willfbe `seen to be 'outhollow kAt thei bottom A- a second piece 1s shown vas secured y,within lthe Vtace to meet the hollow chamber .do Solon. et (Q)- Tlioio thorunohondipt nearly the whole lengtha hole is boredjalso.` chambernw) is 'tov contain water ora other fluid .tekoop the Poooh `ooolfo'lod iS o' very important lfeature of this invention.. l n

Y connection'wvith the operation oit' thev Istamp is an independentv trip-otfhto be worked bythe attendant aty pthe timehjof starting and4 for lieepngthe stamp.l going.

.It oolooioto of., o. .Pair otv poids .ootohne' 1111` the rack ofA the stamp they arethrown into' 'Lgearfby springs and drawn out of gear by a eraan ander eijeanv'ii.

Y l[2172/ are the loawls one restino' lonjtlie. il l n oop over tho'pnion, and. dio other. Suspended under :deo Pinion by lnkethorbeveled. ends working in the rack, vThese pawls are:

i sospaced that when oneenters andcatc'hes funder a tooth the lother is yout and'pressing against the end of a tooth as shown at.y

/L") )Tlflofoo Poids Sorte to 'koop ,thofot'dirpt up after the clutch (0,A is disengaged and to" v yhold it'iip yuntil the attendant, is ready to op-f erate it. l. To allow the stamp to the-footf is, proosod upon tho ifoddlo (22) vthrows up the/rod (0) and withdraws vthese pgawls from the teeth'of the Vraclnuwlienthe` stamp Lwill drop. ,As'thestanip falls a pin `-comesinto Contact with the-top of they wedge (which is then vin tlie'position shown b-y the :dotted lines') i and strikes it. down vwhich ef course lthrows theclutch) (rtf iiitof gear and'causes tlie'raising ofthe stamp. A

peculiar feature is tovbe'noticed here "which is of importance. `rllle- Ainstant v'that the: stamp'hasfallen and givenits'blow uponthe hot metal commences to rise again `anch thus the punch and dies are relieved ,from contact with kthe hot imetal in the `shortestQ Apossibletime while thecomparatively sloweri ascent of vthestamp affords more time tori all to getcool. l p l, n L I now come todescribewthe diesvandthel operation of forming andxdischarginga mit.;

The die consists of three principal pieces' viz: an under die, a bolster, and an upper This die, which are more clearly seen in Figs. IV and V where IV is a section of the whole and V a top view of the bolster and under dieu A-massive piece. G, the bolster, forms three s'id'es of the die when square nuts are to be made, and lies upon the anvil A in .such a'positionthat the centerfhole will be immediately under the point of the punch (o).I Thepa'rt 'which lwould form the fourth side is cut away as seen at (g) and forms a :passage for the entrance Vot' the end of the bar ot' hot iron out of which nuts are to be made as seen lFig. Two lateral grooves orooloo ,out out 'of- (.fz). lhos.o'dro to serve as guides to v receive the part which .forms the fourth odo, of. the die. .Whoh isattacheduto theufoll'olwer above, bein-g a Strong plato Whiioh. glides. down those 4groovesannd constitutes a shear tocut oil the bar'and thelfourth lside of the die. A e

1 At (2^).y io .thobof-tom die.' o pooe. of ,metal whichpassesUvertically'fromueJ hole in the anvil theA top is squared and'madeft'o fit accurately vwithin the squarelin thepbolster G thooghoot So .tightly but .that it Canmore up and down. The ybottoinof it rests on the .anvil beingA enlarged for' that jpurp'ose. .Through thereof-orde@ holo la). by Whioh the. nunoheeooro discharged.. and ,o Strong tubo loonfooosidowe,throoellgthdodvl A to o. .Short distano@ loolow,yisorvine. di@ double purpose of guiding the dischargeE kof the'A punchingsiand of rai'singmQg) at the timeofdiscliarging the iinishednult. d

Tloroiooe of 'tho .tubo and, bottom .dio (r). is oiootodby moiiolof o wmf-,#1) vi- .;bfetine .oil oXiofdt To Steady. the tube and restrain the side pressurecaused jby thelactionoffthe'cam there, dftwp cam levers (u) centering at the *bach fof.- the anvil and hsuspended Aon'pilns attachedto each side of the' tube.4 ,'Ihelast piecey ot-he Vdie isithatwwhich'closesthe top.A Itis (0") Fig. and isflitt'ed into/'the center ofthe folldwer orxpilece .H has holes (o) at v each leind Figs, I and II through which [short guide posts pass, nuts `being [screwed lon the "top `'to keep the .piece on. This 'upper i,die is faisquarejprojection v made to t'lthe squarehole in tlfe'bolsteriG:before :referred Ito,y and having a holeV directly through. ity to admit the .passage Aof fpuncher (o) as clearlyseenin In lfront of this upper die is lit-ted v.the platefor vshear` to `form the -fourth -side vot' the ,square inthebols'terG as before referred to. The lowerinsidei corner orl edge of thi'splxat'e the-upperhalfvottlie'sliearto cii't tlie bar off,while the upper ,frontjedge orrorn'er A'ofthe Iund-er die 'fornisthe-lower halt'4 of lthe"lshealr- Thisfp'late iys'thiclened -outin the giniddleftlo increase its strength. (Underneath the follower 'aiidwbetyv'eefn the two `4short loo by collars on spiral springs which surround them below. 0n the top of these rods the follower Hrests, the spiral sprlinlgs admitting of its descent under the stamp when it falls thereon and supporting the weight of the follower and the upper die and shear attached thereto when the stamp "rises up.

I now come to describe the discharging arrangements.

As soon as a nut has been formed the lower die (r) rises so as to come to a level v with the top of the bolster Gr; at this momenta trigger which vibrates upon a post at (w) is disengaged from the position seen in- Fig. V and by a force to be more fully described sweeps over the surface of G and across the top of the die (1^) henceit comes in contact with the nut standing on the top of (r) striking it with sufficient force to throw it clear of the machine. The operation of the trigger is timed with the raising of the die (r) and the follower I-I. As the stamp C falls, the project-ing piece (y) on'the back part of the stamp passes by the end of a lever having its fulcrum between the posts B on the under side of which lever is a latch which recedes and admits t-he piece (y) to pass and come under it. As the stamp rises the said piece (y) engagesthe end of the lever (y) which is thus raised and operates the cam (t) (as clearly shown in Fig. II) by a connecting rod (e), and as soon as the lever (y) begins to lift the cam that immediately throws up the lower die (r) to a level with the surface of G and with it the nut. Motion being continued the arc (e) plays along and keeps the die up. At the same time that the arc (s) begins to come under (t) a double beveled pin (am) attached to the connecting rod (seen enlarged in Fig. V)` rises and strikes against the back of a double beveled arm (m) Fig. V of the trigger and presses the trigger hard against the rod (fw). As soon as (em) rises above the edge of the arm (af/W) the lever is disengaged from and it falls upon a staple set in the anvil A. The pin (am) in falling strikes upon the front beveled edge of the arm (06) and violently and suddenly throws the trigger forward, which action discharges the nut as before mentioned. Asthe dropping of the lever (f1/) also effects the dropping of the under die (7") the discharge of the nut is` effected while the arc e still holds it up. To 11n ake the matter more certain the lower part of the connecting rod (e) is slotted where it takes hold of the cam arm, and if a spring is put upon it it will be thrown down more suddenly than the weighted arm of the cam will fall.. A recoil. spring on the trigger post (m) will carry the trigger back for a new stroke.

The operation is as follows: The main shaft E being set in motion and the bar of `iron brought from the furnace to the attendant standing in front of the `machine he pushes one end into the die as seen in Fig.

IV. `'Then pressing his foot `on the treadle l (jv) the stamp C falls, the punch (o) passling through the follower and upper die, the `face of the stamp `strikes down the folpunch, follower, upper die and shear (tu) descend together and close the die up. The full force of the blow being imparted to the hot metal and thus compressing the mass around the punch effects the forging of t-he nut more perfectly than if hammered b v hand. The metal is also forced into all parts of the die and takes its shape. The instant that the stamp has given its blow the clutch (af) is thrown into gear by the pin (p) and the stamp begins to ascend, the attendant keeping his foot all the time on the treadle. The nut is` stripped from the punch by means of the upper die and follower; as soon as this rises so `that it is stopped by the nuts on the guide posts the punch is withdrawn, leaving the nut upon (r) and is discharged as before`described. The bar is continued to be fed in until it is either used up or requires a further heat. The moment that the attendant takes his foot olf the treadle (p) the pawls engage in the rack and prevent the stamp from falling on being disengaged from the clutch.

1. Lifting the drop or stamp near its central line of gravity, by means of a pinion or pulley running on a shaft operated by a clutch combined with the driving power, whereby the stamp may be released and dropped at any point of its ascent at the option of the attendant, and without stopping the other moving parts, as described.

2. I claim hollowing out the stamp, and also the punch., for the formation of a reservoir to hold water or other proper fluid for keeping the punch cool, notlimiting myself to a punch merely but also as applied to any other tool fitted to or used in .combination with a stamp for operating upon hot metals.

3. I claim interposing between the stamp and the die, a secondary stamp or follower so-constructed as to eect the cutting off of the blank from the bar, and when combined with the bolster shall form the box or die in which the nut is forged, and which secondary stamp shall also act as a releaser to remove the finished nut from the punch, as described.

4. I claim the combination of the camlever (25) and theL arc y(i/J) with the stem of the lower or discharging diev (r), to be operated by the stamp during its ascent in order to raise and support the loWer die until the nut is thrown off as described.

5. I claim the Wedge-lever F in connection with its spring (f) and its lever or arm operating as described for effecting the Complete disengagement of the clutch teeth so as to prevent those from clashing when the stamp falls the Whole being constructed and operating substantially as set forth herein.

SOLOMON ANDREWS. r, rx Witnesses:

S. H. MAYNARD, I. P. PIRssoN. 

